菜鸟用WPF 实现俄罗斯方块游戏

主要思想：

一、提供一个容器类（Container），用来作为方块活动的网格状区域。由于WPF自带Grid控件支持网格，因此就直接利用了。

1.Container类需要关联到Grid，活动区域；和waitingGrid等候区域（下一个出现的方块）

2.在Container类中实现消层的逻辑

二、提供一个方块基类（Box）,7中方块全部从其派生。

1.每个方块包含4个Rectangle（小方格）

2.通过一个工厂类随机产生某个方块的实例

3.基类实现方块移动、变形、等逻辑、子类定义方块颜色、初始化方式，确定每个方格相对坐标。

4.在方块下降到底部触发OnBottom事件，Container接受此事件触发消行逻辑。Container类中OnGameover事件被界面层接受处理。

运行效果：

代码部分：

 Box方块基类 abstract class Box
{

public Box()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
rectangles.Add(new Rectangle());
rectangles[i].Width = 24.0;
rectangles[i].Height = 24.0;
}

dispatcherTimer = new DispatcherTimer(DispatcherPriority.Normal);
dispatcherTimer.Tick += new EventHandler(Timer_Tick);
dispatcherTimer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(450 - Result.GetInstance().Level * 50);
}


protected Grid grid;

/// <summary>
/// 定义由四个方格组成的方块
/// </summary>
protected IList<Rectangle> rectangles = new List<Rectangle>(4);

DispatcherTimer dispatcherTimer;

/// <summary>
/// 当方块到达底部时触发的事件句柄
/// </summary>
public event EventHandler OnBottom;

/// <summary>
/// 判断x行y列是否包含方格
/// </summary>
protected bool Existence(int x, int y)
{
foreach (var r in grid.Children)
{
if (r is Rectangle)
{
if (this.rectangles.Contains(r as Rectangle)) return false;
if (Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) == x && Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) == y)
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}

/// <summary>
/// 当前方块是否与其他方块重叠
/// </summary>
public bool ISOverlapping()
{
foreach (var r in rectangles)
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty));
int y = Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty));
if (Existence(x, y)) return true;
}
return false;
}


/// <summary>
/// 判断由数值 x,y标示的行列值是否在Grid范围内
/// </summary>
protected bool InGrid(int x, int y)
{
if (x >= 12 || y >= 24 || x < 0 || y < 0) return false;
return true;
}

/// <summary>
/// 定义活动方块自动下降
/// </summary>
public void AtuoDown()
{
dispatcherTimer.Start();
}

private void Timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!MoveDown())
{
dispatcherTimer.Stop();
OnBottom(this, null);
}
}

public abstract void Ready();
public abstract void ShowWating(ref Grid WaingGrid);


protected bool Move(int _x, int _y)
{
if (IsPause) return false;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + _x;
int y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + _y;
if (Existence(x, y)) return false;
if (!InGrid(x, y)) return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
rectangles[i].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + _x);
rectangles[i].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + _y);
}
return true;
}

public bool MoveUp()
{
return Move(0, -1);
}

public bool MoveDown()
{
return Move(0, 1);
}

public bool MoveLeft()
{
return Move(-1, 0);
}

public bool MoveRight()
{
return Move(1, 0);
}

/// <summary>
/// 快速下降
/// </summary>
public bool FastDown()
{
if (IsPause) return false;
bool mark = false;
int j = 0;
while (!mark)
{
j++;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty));
int y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + j;
if (Existence(x, y) || !InGrid(x, y))
{
j--;
mark = true;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
rectangles[i].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[i].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + j);
}

//OnBottom(this, null);
return mark;
}

/// <summary>
/// 当前方块是否处于暂停状态
/// </summary>
private bool IsPause = false;
public void Pause()
{
dispatcherTimer.IsEnabled = false;
IsPause = true;
}

public void UnPause()
{
dispatcherTimer.IsEnabled = true;
IsPause = false;
}

public void StopAction()
{
dispatcherTimer.Stop();
}


/// <summary>
/// 当前变形状态
/// </summary>
protected Status ActivityStatus;

/// <summary>
/// 变形
/// </summary>
public bool ChangeShape()
{
if (IsPause) return false;
IList<Position> P = new List<Position>(4);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) P.Add(new Position());

P[0].x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[0].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[0].x;
P[0].y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[0].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[0].y;
if (ActivityStatus.NeedCheck[0]) if (Existence(P[0].x, P[0].y) || !InGrid(P[0].x, P[0].y)) return false;

P[1].x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[1].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[1].x;
P[1].y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[1].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[1].y;
if (ActivityStatus.NeedCheck[1]) if (Existence(P[1].x, P[1].y) || !InGrid(P[1].x, P[1].y)) return false;

P[2].x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[2].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[2].x;
P[2].y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[2].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[2].y;
if (ActivityStatus.NeedCheck[2]) if (Existence(P[2].x, P[2].y) || !InGrid(P[2].x, P[2].y)) return false;

P[3].x = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[3].GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[3].x;
P[3].y = Convert.ToInt32(rectangles[3].GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition[3].y;
if (ActivityStatus.NeedCheck[3]) if (Existence(P[3].x, P[3].y) || !InGrid(P[3].x, P[3].y)) return false;

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
rectangles[i].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, P[i].x);
rectangles[i].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, P[i].y);
}
ActivityStatus = ActivityStatus.Next;

return true;
}
}

“Z”形方块子类

class Box_Z : Box
{

public Box_Z(ref Grid grid)
{
this.grid = grid;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) rectangles[i].Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.DarkOrange);
}

private void ShowAt(Position P, ref Grid grid)
{
rectangles[0].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, P.x + 0);
rectangles[0].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, P.y + 0);

rectangles[1].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, P.x + 1);
rectangles[1].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, P.y + 0);

rectangles[2].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, P.x + 1);
rectangles[2].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, P.y + 1);

rectangles[3].SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, P.x + 2);
rectangles[3].SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, P.y + 1);

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) grid.Children.Add(rectangles[i]);
}

public override void ShowWating(ref Grid WaingGrid)
{
ShowAt(new Position(1, 1), ref WaingGrid);
}


public override void Ready()
{
ShowAt(new Position(4, 0), ref grid);

ActivityStatus = new Status();
ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(1, 2));
ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(0, 1));
ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(1, 0));
ActivityStatus.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(0, -1));
ActivityStatus.NeedCheck.Add(true);
ActivityStatus.NeedCheck.Add(false);
ActivityStatus.NeedCheck.Add(false);
ActivityStatus.NeedCheck.Add(true);
ActivityStatus.Next = new Status();

ActivityStatus.Next.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(-1, -2));
ActivityStatus.Next.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(0, -1));
ActivityStatus.Next.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(-1, 0));
ActivityStatus.Next.NextRelativeposition.Add(new Position(0, 1));
ActivityStatus.Next.NeedCheck.Add(true);
ActivityStatus.Next.NeedCheck.Add(true);
ActivityStatus.Next.NeedCheck.Add(false);
ActivityStatus.Next.NeedCheck.Add(false);
ActivityStatus.Next.Next = ActivityStatus;
}


}

 由于每种方块的变形方式都不一样，Z型有4种状态，I型有2中状态，而O型只有一种状态，现在需要描述方块形状状态，需要定义循环链表数据类型。

定义一个坐标点，描述位置和相对位置 /// <summary>
/// 定义一个方格坐标点
/// </summary>
class Position
{
public Position(int x, int y)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public Position()
{
}

public int x { get; set; }
public int y { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 定义方块形状状态循环链表，标记变形状态
/// </summary>
class Status
{
/// <summary>
/// 方格[四个方块]下一次变形将要去的相对位置
/// </summary>
public List<Position> NextRelativeposition = new List<Position>(4);

/// <summary>
/// 是否需要检查方块[每个方格]到这个位置的可行性
/// </summary>
public List<bool> NeedCheck = new List<bool>(4);

/// <summary>
/// 指向下一状态
/// </summary>
public Status Next;
}

 在方块子类中Ready方法即为每种方块设置状态链表。

由于方块的生成为随机方式，定义简单工厂模式生成方块如下：

代码 class BoxFactory
{
/// <summary>
/// 随机方块工厂
/// </summary>
static public Box GetRandomBox(ref Grid grid)
{
//return new Box_Z(ref grid);
Random ran = new Random();
int index = ran.Next(7);
switch (index)
{
case 0: return new Box_S(ref grid);
case 1: return new Box_Z(ref grid);
case 2: return new Box_J(ref grid);
case 3: return new Box_L(ref grid);
case 4: return new Box_I(ref grid);
case 5: return new Box_O(ref grid);
case 6: return new Box_T(ref grid);
default: return null;
}
}
}

  到此为止，方块定义好了，也可以随机产生了，怎么让展示在Grid中？

1.方块子类ShowAt函数标示展示到指定Grid；

2.ShowWating表示展示在等候区域。

当方块展示到容器Grid中时，怎么自动下降呢？这里用到DispatcherTimer。

dispatcherTimer = new DispatcherTimer(DispatcherPriority.Normal);
dispatcherTimer.Tick += new EventHandler(Timer_Tick);
dispatcherTimer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(450 - Result.GetInstance().Level * 50);


/// <summary>
/// 定义活动方块自动下降
/// </summary>
public void AtuoDown()
{
dispatcherTimer.Start();
}         private void Timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!MoveDown())
            {
                dispatcherTimer.Stop();
                OnBottom(this, null);
            }
        }

当方块到达底部时，事件通知容器类执行消层函数：

在Box中：
/// <summary>
/// 当方块到达底部时触发的事件句柄
/// </summary>
public event EventHandler OnBottom;

private void Timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!MoveDown())
{
dispatcherTimer.Stop();
OnBottom(this, null);
}
}

在Container中：
ActivityBox.OnBottom += ActivityBox_OnBottom;
/// <summary>
/// 活动方块到达底部时触发
/// </summary>
static public void ActivityBox_OnBottom(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Result.GetInstance().CalculateScore(RemoveLine());
NewBoxReadyToDown();
}

RemoveLine消层函数 /// <summary>
/// 消层，并返回消除的层数
/// </summary>
static int RemoveLine()
{
if (grid == null) new Exception("缺少活动区域，必须为容器指定grid值。");

int[] lineCount = new int[24];
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) lineCount[i] = 0;

int RemoveLineCount = 0;

//计算每一行方块总数
foreach (var r in grid.Children)
{
if (r is Rectangle)
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty));
lineCount[x]++;
}
}
for (int i = 23; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (lineCount[i] >= 12)
{
//移除一行小方格
for (int j = 0; j < grid.Children.Count; j++)// (var r in mygrid.Children)
{
if (grid.Children[j] is Rectangle)
{
if (Convert.ToInt32((grid.Children[j] as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) == i + RemoveLineCount)
{
grid.Children.Remove((grid.Children[j] as Rectangle));
j--;
}
}
}

//将上面的所有小方格下降一行
foreach (var r in grid.Children)
{
if (r is Rectangle)
{
if (Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) < i + RemoveLineCount)
{
(r as Rectangle).SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, Convert.ToInt32((r as Rectangle).GetValue(Grid.RowProperty)) + 1);
}
}
}

//被移除行数加1
RemoveLineCount++;
}
}
return RemoveLineCount;
}

OK，到此方块可以自动下降，可消层了，现在要统计消层得分和游戏级别（难度）。

定义一个新类Result

Result类 /// <summary>
/// 记录分数和级别
/// </summary>
class Result : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
Result()
{
Score = 0;
Level = 1;
}


//单例模式
private static Result instance;
private static readonly object syncRoot = new object();
public static Result GetInstance()
{
if (instance == null)
{

lock (syncRoot)
{

if (instance == null)
{
instance = new Result();
}
}
}
return instance;
}


int score;
int level;

public int Score
{
get { return score; }
set { score = value; Notify("Score"); }
}
public int Level
{
get { return level; }
set { level = value; Notify("Level"); }
}

public void CalculateScore(int Lines)
{
switch (Lines)
{
case 1: Score += 5;
break;
case 2: Score += 15;
break;
case 3: Score += 30;
break;
case 4: Score += 50;
break;
default: Score += 0;
break;
}

if (Score < 20) Level = 1;
else if (Score < 100) Level = 2;
else if (Score < 300) Level = 3;
else if (Score < 500) Level = 4;
else if (Score < 1000) Level = 5;
else if (Score < 3000) Level = 6;
else if (Score < 5000) Level = 7;
else Level = 8;

}

void Notify(string propName)
{
if (PropertyChanged != null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName));
}
}

public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
}

在该类中用单例模式控制产生单一实例，并通过实现接口绑定到界面分数展示台。

界面XAML如下：

<Grid Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Height="65" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5,6,0,0" Name="grid4" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100">
<Label Content="积分:" Height="28" Name="label1" Margin="0,5,0,32" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="38" />
<Label Content="{Binding Path=Score}" Height="28" Name="label2" Margin="35,5,0,32" />
<Label Content="级别:" Height="28" Name="label3" Margin="0,34,0,3" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="38" />
<Label Content="{Binding Path=Level}" Height="28" Name="label4" Margin="0,0,0,4" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Width="65" />
</Grid>

 这样，代码中对Result赋值，直接影响界面控件展示数值的变化：

/// <summary>
/// 活动方块到达底部时触发
/// </summary>
static public void ActivityBox_OnBottom(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Result.GetInstance().CalculateScore(RemoveLine());
NewBoxReadyToDown();
}

这里根据消行函数返回值此处对result实例进行修改，界面数值（分数、级别）也同步变化。

 最后，界面添加功能按钮，实现Window_KeyDown事件 OnGameover事件，游戏完成。